Internet: January 2010 Archives

By Lucy Hornby | REUTERS | via UNCENSORED Yahoo! News
January 24, 2010

China's Communist Party mouthpiece on Sunday accused the United States of mounting a cyber army and a "hacker brigade," and of exploiting social media like Twitter or Youtube to foment unrest in Iran.

The People's Daily accused the United States of controlling the Internet in the name of Internet freedom after Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called for more Internet freedoms in China and elsewhere in a speech on Thursday.

China on Friday warned that Washington's push against Internet censorship could harm ties.

"Behind what America calls free speech is naked political scheming. How did the unrest after the Iranian elections come about?" said the editorial, signed by Wang Xiaoyang.

"It was because online warfare launched by America, via Youtube video and Twitter microblogging, spread rumors, created splits, stirred up, and sowed discord between the followers of conservative reformist factions."

China has blocked Youtube since March, the anniversary of uprisings in Tibet, and Twitter since June, just before the 20th anniversary of a crackdown on protestors in and near Tiananmen Square. Facebook has been down since early July.

The People's Daily editorial asked rhetorically if obscene information or activities promoting terrorism would be allowed on the Internet in the U.S.

"We're afraid that in the eyes of American politicians, only information controlled by America is free information, only news acknowledged by America is free news, only speech approved by America is free speech, and only information flow that suits American interests is free information flow," it said.

Clinton's speech came shortly after Google revealed a sophisticated hacking attack, and said it might close its google.cn Chinese search engine if it could not find a way to offer a legal, unfiltered search service in China.

"Everyone with technical knowledge of computers knows that just because a hacker used an IP address in China, the attack was not necessarily launched by a Chinese hacker," Zhou Yonglin, deputy operations director of the National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team, said in an interview carried in a number of Chinese newspapers on Sunday.

Zhou mentioned an outage suffered by Chinese search engine Baidu on January 12 but did not mention that it was attacked by the Iranian Cyber Army, which had previously attacked Twitter, nor that Chinese hackers launched retaliatory attacks on Iranian sites the next day.

>> Complete Report

克林顿国务卿关于互联网自由的讲话

>> Click here for the original English transcript

希拉里·克林顿（Hillary Rodham Clinton）国务卿

华盛顿哥伦比亚特区新闻博物馆（Newseum）
2009 年1 月21 日（星期四）

非常感谢，艾伯托（Alberto）。不仅要感谢你的赞誉和介绍，而且要感谢你和你的同事们在这个重要机构中发挥的领导作用。很高兴来到新闻博物馆。这个博物馆是一座纪念碑，见证了我们最珍视的一些自由。我十分感谢能有此机会谈谈如何运用这些自由应对二十一世纪的各项挑战。

虽然我并不能看到你们所有的人----因为在这样的场合灯光照射我的眼睛，而你们都在背光处----但我知道在座的有很多朋友和老同事。我要感谢自由论坛（Freedom Forum）的首席执行官查尔斯·奥弗比（Charles Overby）光临新闻博物馆，以及我在参议院时的老同事理查德·卢格（Richard Lugar）和乔·利伯曼 (Joe Lieberman) 两位参议员，他们两位都为《表达法》（Voice Act）的通过作出了努力。这项立法表明，美国国会和美国人民不分党派，不分政府部门，坚定地支持互联网自由。

我听说在场的还有参议员萨姆·布朗巴克（Sam Brownback）、参议员特德·考夫曼（Ted Kaufman）、众议员洛雷塔·桑切斯（Loretta Sanchez）、许多大使、临时代办和外交使团的其他代表、以及从中国、哥伦比亚、伊朗、黎巴嫩和摩尔多瓦等国前来参加我们关于互联网自由的"国际访问者领袖计划"（International Visitor Leadership Program）的人士。我还要提到最近被任命为广播理事会（Broadcasting Board of Govenors）理事的阿斯彭研究所（Aspen Institute）所长沃尔特·艾萨克森（Walter Isaacson）。毫无疑问，他在阿斯彭研究所从事的支持互联网自由的工作中发挥了重要作用。

这是关于一个非常重要的议题的一个重要讲话。但在开始谈这个议题前，我想简要介绍一下海地的情况。过去八天来，海地人民和世界人民携手应对一场巨大的灾难。我们这个半球曾历经磨难，但我们目前在太子港面临的困境鲜有先例。通讯网络在我们抗击这场灾难的过程中发挥了极其重要的作用。不用说，当地的通讯网络遭受了重创，在很多地方被彻底摧毁。地震发生后仅几个小时，我们就与民营部门的伙伴发起"海地"（HAITI）短信捐款活动，使美国的移动电话使用者能通过发短信向救灾工作捐款。这项活动充分展示了美国人民的慷慨。迄今，该活动已为海地的抗震救灾筹集了2500 多万美元。

By Sharon LaFraniere | The New York Times
January 19, 2010

As the Chinese government expands what it calls a campaign against pornography, cellular companies in Beijing and Shanghai have been told to suspend text services to cellphone users who are found to have sent messages with "illegal or unhealthy content," state-run news media reported Tuesday.

China Mobile, one of the nation's largest cellular providers, reported that text messages would automatically be scanned for "key words" provided by the police, according to China Daily, a state-controlled English-language newspaper. Messages will be deemed "unhealthy" if they violate undisclosed criteria established by the central government, the newspaper said.

The increased surveillance of text messages is the latest in a series of government efforts to severely tighten control of the Internet and other forms of communication.

Since late last year, China has closed hundreds of Web sites, including popular file-sharing sites, and limited its citizens' ability to set up personal Web sites.

>> Original Report

By Michael Liedtke, AP Technology Writer | Associated Press | via UNCENSORED Yahoo! News
19 January 2010

Google postpones launch of 2 mobile phones in China as fallout from censorship rift widens

Google has delayed the debut of two mobile phones designed to connect with its Internet services in China, widening the void that might be opened if the company and Beijing can't resolve their rift over online censorship and security.

The phones, made by Motorola and Samsung, use the Android operating system, created by Google to steer people to its search engine and other services. China Unicom Ltd. was supposed to be the carrier.

The postponement Tuesday is the latest aftershock from Google's threat to shut down its services in China, which could cut off the world's most populous country from Google's services through any kind of computer or phone.

Google says it will remain in China only if the government relents on rules requiring the censorship of content the ruling party considers subversive. The ultimatum came last week after Google said it uncovered a computer attack that tried to plunder its software coding and the e-mail accounts of human rights activists protesting Chinese policies.

Putting the sale of the Android-powered phones on hold is a logical extension of Google's threat. It doesn't make sense to sell the device in a market where key services might be restricted or unavailable, said Forrester Research analyst Charles Golvin.

The absence of Google's services might discourage the development of other Android-equipped phones for China's market, limiting customer choices among a breed of mobile devices that are becoming increasingly popular in other parts of the world.

Some Android devices hit the market before Google took its stand on China. For instance, Samsung introduced an Android phone, the Galaxy, in China last year. That phone will remain on sale.

This month Google also began selling its own Android phone, the Nexus One. But that device so far is only available in the United States, United Kingdom, Singapore and Hong Kong. There's no indication when Google might sell it in China or elsewhere.

>> Original Source

By Edward Wong | The New York Times
January 19, 2009

Google e-mail accounts of at least two foreign journalists in Beijing have been compromised, a journalists' advocacy group in China said on Monday, adding that hackers changed Gmail program settings so that all messages would be forwarded to unfamiliar addresses.

The journalists apparently discovered the irregularities after Google announced last week that hackers had tried sophisticated attacks on its security infrastructure. The company suspects that those attacks originated in mainland China.

Google also said that two Gmail accounts had been compromised, adding separately that the e-mail accounts of dozens of people pressing for human rights in China had been hacked.

In response, Google said last week that it would talk to the Chinese government about ending self-censorship of its Chinese-language search engine, Google.cn, and that the company could close down or curtail its operations in China.

The two foreign journalists were among a large number of Gmail users in China who discovered that their accounts had been compromised after Google made its announcement. In many cases, it was unclear when the hackers had broken into the accounts.

The attacks on e-mail accounts were separate from those weeks ago aimed at the security infrastructure of Google and more than 30 other companies and entities, most of them based in Silicon Valley in California.

One of the two journalists is a television reporter in the Beijing bureau of The Associated Press, which has one of the largest foreign news operations in China. E-mail messages in the reporter's account were being forwarded to an e-mail address that the reporter did not recognize. The reporter said that other people the reporter knew in Beijing had experienced the same kind of attack, though none of the forwarding addresses were the same.

It is not known who was behind the e-mail attacks or whether the Chinese government, whose security forces sometimes closely monitor the activities of foreign journalists, had any involvement.

"We remind all members that journalists in China have been particular targets of hacker attacks in the last two years," the journalists' advocacy group, the Foreign Correspondents' Club of China, said in its announcement concerning the compromised Gmail accounts.

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By Miguel Helft and John Markoff | The New York Times
13 January 2010

Even before Google threatened to pull out of China in response to an attack on its computer systems, the company was notifying activists whose e-mail accounts might have been compromised by hackers.

In a world where vast amounts of personal information stored online can quickly reveal a network of friends and associates, Google's move to protect individuals from government surveillance required quick action. In early January, Tenzin Seldon, a 20-year-old Stanford student and Tibetan activist, was told by university officials to contact Google because her Gmail account had been hacked.

Ms. Seldon, the Indian-born daughter of Tibetan refugees, said she immediately contacted David Drummond, Google's chief legal officer.

"David informed me that my account was hacked by someone in China," Ms. Seldon said in a telephone interview. "They were concerned and asked whether they could see my laptop."

Ms. Seldon immediately changed her password and became more careful of what she wrote. She also allowed Google to examine her personal computer at the company's request. Google returned it this week, saying that while no viruses or malware had been detected, her account had indeed been entered surreptitiously.

Google confirmed Ms. Seldon's account of events, but declined to say whether it had notified other activists who might have been victims of hacking.

Mr. Drummond said that an attack originating in China was aimed at its corporate infrastructure.

While the full scope of the attacks on Google and several dozen other companies remains unclear, the events set off immediate alarms in Washington, where the Obama administration has previously expressed concern about international computer security and attacks on Western companies.

Neither the sequence of events leading to Google's decision nor the company's ultimate goal in rebuking China is fully understood. But this was not the first time that the company had considered withdrawing from China, according to a former company executive. It had clashed repeatedly with Chinese officials over censorship demands, the executive said.

Google said on Tuesday that that in its investigation of the attacks on corporations, it found that the Gmail accounts of Chinese and Tibetan activists, like Ms. Seldon, had been compromised in separate attacks involving phishing and spyware.

Independent security researchers said that at least 34 corporations had been targets of the attacks originating in China.

Adobe, a software maker, said it had been the victim of an attack, but said that it did not know if it was linked to the hacking of Google. Some reports suggested that Yahoo had been a victim, but a person with knowledge said that Yahoo did not think that it been subject to the same attack as Google.

The decision by Google to draw a line and threaten to end its business operations in China brought attention to reports of Chinese high-technology espionage stretching back at least a decade. But despite Google's suggestion that the hacking came from within China, it remained unclear who was responsible. Nevertheless, it presented the Obama administration with a problem of how to respond.

Google's description of the attacks closely matches a vast surveillance system called Ghostnet that was reported in March by a group of Canadian researchers based at the Munk Center for International Studies at the University of Toronto. They found that an automated espionage system based in China was using targeted e-mail messages to compromise thousands of computers in hundreds of governmental organizations. In each case, after the computers were controlled by the attackers, they were able to scan for documents that were then stolen and transferred to a digital storage facility in China.

>> Complete Report

By Andrew Jacobs, Miguel Helft and John Markoff | The New York Times
January 13, 2010

Google's declaration that it would stop cooperating with Chinese Internet censorship and consider shutting down its operations in the country ricocheted around the world Wednesday. But in China itself, the news was heavily censored.

Some big Chinese news portals initially carried a short dispatch on Google's announcement, but that account soon tumbled from the headlines, and later reports omitted Google's references to "free speech" and "surveillance."

The only government response came later in the day from Xinhua, the official news agency, which ran a brief item quoting an anonymous official who was "seeking more information on Google's statement that it could quit China."

Google linked its decision to sophisticated cyberattacks on its computer systems that it suspected originated in China and that were aimed, at least in part, at the Gmail accounts of Chinese human rights activists.

In a statement, the United States secretary of state, Hillary Rodham Clinton, expressed "serious concerns" about the infiltration of Google.

"We look to the Chinese government for an explanation," Mrs. Clinton said.

Outside the company's gleaming offices in Beijing, a trickle of young people laid floral bouquets and notes at the multicolored sign bearing the Google logo. As daylight faded, two 18-year-old law students approached with a bottle of rice liquor and lit two candles. One of the students said that she wanted to make a public gesture of support for Google, which steadily has lost market share to Baidu, a Chinese-run company that has close ties with the government.

"The government should give people the right to see what they want online," said the woman, Bing, who withheld her full name for fear that it might cause her problems at school. "The government can't always tell lies to the people."

Since arriving in 2006 under an arrangement with the government that purged its Chinese search results of banned topics, Google has come under fire for abetting a system that increasingly restricts what can be read online.

Google said the attacks took place last week and were directed at about 34 companies or entities, most of them in Silicon Valley in California, according to people with knowledge of Google's investigation. The attackers may have penetrated elaborate computer security systems and obtained crucial corporate data and software source codes, though Google said it did not itself suffer losses of that kind.

While the scope of the hacking and the motivations and identities of the hackers remained uncertain, Google's response amounted to an unambiguous repudiation of its five-year courtship of the Chinese market, which most major multinational companies consider crucial to growth. It is also likely to enrage the Chinese authorities, who deny that they censor the Internet and are accustomed to having major foreign companies adapt their practices to Chinese norms.

On Wednesday afternoon, the software maker Adobe Systems, announced that it, too, had endured a cyberattack. While it did not provide details about the assault, which took place earlier this month, the company said was investigating.

If news of Google's threat to quit China was largely muffled, there was some back-and-forth on message boards and a torrent of Twitter commentary -- accessible only to those able to circumvent the Great Firewall.

"It's not Google that's withdrawing from China, it's China that's withdrawing from the world," read one message.

While many comments mourned the prospect of Google's departure, others, including Rao Jin, the founder of the Web forum Anti-CNN.com, expressed suspicion over the announcement.

Mr. Rao, known for defending China's stances on issues like Tibet and Xinjiang against Western media criticism, said he thought Google made its decision under pressure from Mrs. Clinton, who met with Google's chief executive last week as part of an effort to promote Internet freedom around the world.

"I think Google's departure from Chinese market would be a big loss to Google, though not as big a loss to China because Baidu and other search engines are still rising," Mr. Rao said in an interview. "Any company in China has to abide by Chinese rules, even though there are some times when the rules may not be not so reasonable."

Hecaitou, a prominent blogger based in Beijing, also applauded the company's announcement, although for different reasons. The possibility of Google leaving China, he said, would send a message to Chinese leaders intent on imposing greater restrictions online. Or at least he hoped it would.

"In the short term, the Internet environment will be very cold," he said. "But for the government to close the door and revert to 30 years ago is hard to imagine. If they want to go forward on the information highway, they'll have to listen to others."

If Google does leave, it would be an unusual rebuke of China by one of the largest and most admired technology companies, which had for years coveted the country's 300 million Web users. Google said it would try to negotiate a new arrangement to provide uncensored results on its search site, google.cn. But that is highly unlikely in a country that has the most sweeping Web filtering system in the world. Google said it would otherwise cease to run google.cn and would consider shutting its offices in China, where it employs about 700 people, many of them well-paid software engineers, and has an estimated $300 million a year in revenue.

Google executives would not discuss in detail their reasons for overturning their China strategy. But despite a costly investment, the company has a much smaller share of the search market here than it does in other major markets, commanding about one in three searches by Chinese.

Google executives have privately fretted that the decision to censor the search results on google.cn, to filter out topics banned by Chinese censors, was out of sync with the company's motto, "Don't be evil."

"We have decided we are no longer willing to continue censoring our results on google.cn, and so over the next few weeks we will be discussing with the Chinese government the basis on which we could operate an unfiltered search engine within the law, if at all," David Drummond, senior vice president for corporate development and the chief legal officer, said in a statement.

Wenqi Gao, a spokesman for the Chinese Consulate in New York, said he did not see any problems with google.cn. "I want to reaffirm that China is committed to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of foreign companies in our country," he said in a phone interview.

In China, search requests that include words like "Tiananmen Square massacre" or "Dalai Lama" come up blank. In recent months, the government has also blocked YouTube, Google's video-sharing service.

While Google's business in China is small, analysts say that the country could soon become one of the most lucrative Internet and mobile markets, and a withdrawal would significantly reduce Google's long-term growth.

"The consequences of not playing the China market could be very big for any company, but particularly for an Internet company that makes its money from advertising," said David B. Yoffie, a Harvard Business School professor.

Mr. Yoffie said advertising played an even bigger role in the Internet in China than it did in the United States. At the time of its arrival, Google said that it believed that the benefits of its presence in China outweighed the downside of being forced to censor some search results, as it would provide more information and openness to Chinese citizens. The company, however, has repeatedly said that it would monitor restrictions in China.

Google's announcement Tuesday drew praise from free speech and human rights advocates, many of whom had criticized the company over its decision to enter the Chinese market.

Rebecca MacKinnon, a fellow at the Open Society Institute and an expert on the Chinese Internet, said that Google had endured repeated harassment in recent months and that by having operations in China it potentially risked the security of its users in China. She said many Chinese dissidents used Gmail because its servers are hosted overseas and that it offered extra encryption.

"Unless they turn themselves into a Chinese company, Google could not win," she said. "The company has clearly put its foot down and said enough is enough."

In the past year, Google has been increasingly constricted by the Chinese government. In June, after briefly blocking access nationwide to its main search engine and other services like Gmail, the government forced the company to disable a function that lets the search engine suggest terms. At the time, the government said it was simply seeking to remove pornographic material from the search engine results.

Some Google executives suggested then that the campaign was a concerted effort to stain the company's image. Since its entry into China, the company has steadily lost market share to Baidu.

Andrew Jacobs reported from Beijing, and Miguel Helft and John Markoff from San Francisco. David Barboza contributed reporting from Shanghai, Jonathan Ansfield from Beijing, and Bettina Wassener from Hong Kong.

>> Original Report

By Agence France Presse AFP - via (UNCENSORED) Yahoo! News
January 05, 2010

A California firm filed a 2.2 billion dollar lawsuit against China, accusing Beijing of stealing its technology to bar Internet access to political and religious sites in China.

Santa Barbara-based Cybersitter is suing the Chinese government, two Chinese companies and seven PC manufacturers for misappropriation of trade secrets, unfair competition, copyright infringement and conspiracy in connection with the distribution of Green Dam Youth Escort.

Cybersitter was created to help parents filter content seen by children.

However, the suit alleges that the Chinese makers of Green Dam illegally copied more than 3,000 lines of code from the filtering software, and conspired with China's rulers and computer manufacturers to distribute more than 56 million copies of the pirated software throughout China.

The suit filed in federal court in Los Angeles alleges the computer manufacturers continued to distribute millions of copies of Green Dam even after becoming aware that the program's content filters were stolen.

The lawsuit also alleges the Chinese software makers broke United States laws governing economic espionage and trade secrets.

"This lawsuit aims to strike a blow against the all-too-common practices of foreign software manufacturers and distributors who believe that they can violate the intellectual property rights of small American companies with impunity without being brought to justice in US courts," Cybersitter attorney Greg Fayer said.

"American innovation is the lifeblood of the software industry, and it is vital that the fruits of those labors be protected at home and abroad," he said.

Green Dam made headlines when the Chinese government ordered all computer manufacturers to bundle the software with any computer sold in China after July 1, 2009.

Human rights groups protested the ruling, arguing Green Dam's filters would allow the Chinese government to block access to Web sites it deemed politically undesirable.

Cybersitter, billed as the first commercially available Internet content filter software, has won PC Magazine's Editor's Choice Award five times, according to the company.

>> Original source